Monetary and fiscal policies during the great recession

Introduction The great recession that hit the US started in October 1929. It was the beginning of a ten year under employment and the recovery of the depression came into be with the start of World War II. However, other European nations recovered from the recession earlier than the US did.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Monetary and fiscal policies during the great recession specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The recovery in US was made possible when president Roosevelt was elected during which he brought policies that led to the implementation of a New Deal which was the basis for the recovery. The recession was mainly characterized by high rates of unemployment and a drastic decrease in GDP. The scarcity of money and shortage of credit policy that was implemented by the central bank of the United States to control the condition cane out to be an incorrect move as it worsened the economy (Morana, 2010, p. 1 ). However, a new economic response came in too late because the tight monetary policy by the central bank had started long before the recession all the way towards the end of the crisis. Similarly, the new policy was not effective since it was about devaluating the dollar which would lower the monetary standard of the US currency. This policy would have resulted to promotion of the country’s economy at the expense of their neighboring countries. The policies by President Roosevelt were, on the other hand, aimed at managing a balanced budget of the nation as well as reducing its deficits. This clearly showed that the monetary policy was more efficient in responding to the recession than the fiscal policy was. Although some efforts saw a spectacular growth in the nation’s GNP, the rate of employment that existed before the recession could not be restored as it recorded 25 percent lower (Macklem, 2010, p. 1). Monetary and fiscal policies during the Great recession The im plementation of the monetary policy was arguably the one which brought to an end the great recession rather than the fiscal policy. For instance, some of the fiscal policies by President Roosevelt seemed to hinder all the efforts of ending the recession especially the quest for high wages for all employees. This move would definitely slow down the growth of the economy rather than help in building it. The monetary policy also resulted to cutting down the expenditure by the US government on various key areas of the country’s budget. This was opposed to the fiscal policies implemented in Germany which saw Germany recover from the economic crisis. However, the fiscal actions taken in the US were not sufficient enough to bring much improvement to the economy. The second world war however, boosted the government’s expenditure and consequently, led to higher growth rates compared to those during the fiscal policy implementation (Blinder And Zandi, 2010, p. 1). However, there was an extraordinary growth in the economy somewhere between 1933 and 1937.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This could have happened due to a change in that government which took place at the same time with the election of Roosevelt taking the position of president Hoover. The expectations of the people during this time worked as macroeconomic policies changed as well which produced drastic changes in prices of commodities and other variables. With the election of President Roosevelt, the doctrine of non governmental interference in commerce was abolished and he shifted the strategy to an interventionist state. This move by Roosevelt had not only economic benefits but also enabled the people to gain confidence in the new administration especially in dealing with the financial crisis that the country was facing (Santucci, 2010, p. 1). The tight monetary policy that was carried out in 1933 provided the fundamental basis for the recovery of the crisis despite the fact that the central bank did not play a significant role in these efforts. Just like many countries like Norway and UK had done, the US finally went off gold as they devaluated their currency in the year 1933 by a 41%. As a result, the flow of gold into the country increased and resulted to a decrease in interest rates. This was an important start point in the process of recovering the country from the recession. This was followed by an increase in money supply that resulted to a significant growth in the county’s GDP. The implementation of the deflation policy saw the abandonment of the gold standard policy. The effects of the devaluation of the US dollar were most importantly felt in the farm and other commodity prices which are the back bones of a county’s economy. The government then started the implementation of the devaluation policy by controlling prices in all econom ic industries. The devaluation of the dollar made it possible for US to start the recovery process especially with the financial instability that Europe was facing, a situation which led to the increased flow of gold in the US. However, these efforts did not lead to a complete cessation of the crisis; at least not until the second world war was initiated (Hunt, 2010, p. 1). Effects of the policies after the great recession The most obvious short term effect of the great recession is high rates of unemployment resulting from the collapse of many businesses following the financial crisis. Employers in the US experienced short and long term disability costs per every claim as they decreased drastically after the recovery of the recession. Instead of focusing on unemployment and economic growth of the country, the US government has moved its concerns on making deficits.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Monetary and fiscal policies during the great recession sp ecifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Although deficits may be helpful in recovering a recession, the US government is more likely to suffer long term effects resulting from the growing deficits. It could even lead to another greater recession. Since the main cause of the recession was high deficits where many Americans live beyond their standards, the US government has lessened the accessibility of credit cards and home equity loans. As a result, savings by the Americans are already increasing as credit levels decrease. Economic responsibility would and has led to reduced consumption. Corporate revenue as well as profits would increase leading to an increase in the rate of unemployment (Rose, 2010, p. 1). Similarly, consumption would reduce and the cycle continues during which many families would be going through a lot of difficult moments. The recession has some good impacts as well. For instance, people will be aware of the situation and this would encourage many people and families be very watchful when it comes to debts and money expenditure. As a result, many people will learn to live within their standards and be in a better position to save. All these changes would result to stabilization of the US economy and strengthened of the dollar. The government will be consequently relieved of debt payments and pressure on its taxes (Carr, 2008, p. 1). Conclusion The great recession that hit United States among other countries in the early 19s was one of the largest financial crisis to have hit Americans. The main cause of the recession was the existence of very high rates of debts which led to high rates of unemployment conditions. The country then tried solving the problem using the fiscal policy which entailed the control of taxes and government expenditure hence affecting the economic development of a nation. However, if this policy is not carefully implemented, it may lead to a slow growth of an economy and this wa s precisely the reason behind why it failed to work in the attempt to recover the US economy during the great recession. After the failed attempt, the elect president Roosevelt came up with the new deal which saw the implementation of the monetary policy which involved reduction of interest rates, a move which made it possible for the nation to combat unemployment. It also involved the increase of money supply but in a way that reduced inflation effects to the falling economy. The implementation of the monetary policy proved to be successful although the success was made possible partly due to the economic instability in Europe which led to an increase in the flow of gold into the United States. However, the actual recovery of the recession was at the start of the Second World War.Advertising Looking for term paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The move to go off gold standards was crucial as well although the US delayed a bit to take the move. This is related to other countries such as Europe which went off gold standards immediately and consequently, recovered from the depression earlier. Basically what made the monetary policy a success was the increased spending as well as growth of output both of which promoted the country’s confidence unlike the fiscal policy which never paid attention to a balanced budget. Reference List Blinder, Alan. And Zandi, Mark. 2010. How We Ended the Great Recession. Web. Carr, Brian. 2008. The Recesssion – Short Term Pain, Long Term Gain. Web. Hunt, Lacy. 2010. Fiscal Policy’s Unintended Consequences. Web. Macklem, Tiff. 2010. Reflections on monetary policy after the Great Recession. International Finance Club of Montreal. Web. Morana, Claudio. 2010. The Great Recession: US dynamics and spillovers to the world economy. Web. Rose, Nelson. 2010. The Lingering Effects of t he Great Recession. Web. Santucci, Paul. 2010. Fiscal Policy or Monetary Policy, which will help us out of the recession? Web. This term paper on Monetary and fiscal policies during the great recession was written and submitted by user Eddie Shields to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Army of Ants essays

Army of Ants essays He was well aware of their power of adaptation, their sense of discipline, their marvelous talent for organization. Some might think that a well trained army of soldiers was the subject of this statement, not an insect of thumbs length. Ants are thought to be small, insignificant creatures that could cause no more harm than a ruined picnic and squashed without the slightest struggle, but not these ants. In the story Leiningen Versus the Ants, looking like something that comes from a horror film, the voracious ants ate everything in sight, including human flesh. But these ants seemed to have something else. An intelligence that only humans could possess and actions that were even more amazing. Organization and strategy hardly seem like an element that a swarm of ants would possess, but in this case, they had it. They separated their army into groups, with each taking a different course to try and enter the plantation. Such great intelligence could frighten anyone when it comes down to millions of razor jawed insects wanting nothing more than to immolate you until all that is left are your bones. Knowing that each time these creatures lose a battle, they get smarter, and could at any second come up with a massive plan, definitely adds to the suspense of the story, because you never know what the ants will come up with. The actions of these ants add even more horror to the story by showing their determination. Building bridges and sacrificing themselves for the rest of their army is shocking for creatures of their size and reputation. Just the act of building a bridge to get across a moat is something only a human should be able to do. The ants actually worked together, communicating with each other to accomplish this huge human-like task. Now the reader knows exactly what the ants are capable of doing, making the mystery of what they will do next a horrifying thought. ...

Practice in Using Commas and Semicolons Correctly

Practice in Using Commas and Semicolons Correctly This exercise offers practice in applying the rules for using commas and semicolons correctly. Before attempting the exercise, you may find it helpful to review these three pages: Guidelines for Using Commas EffectivelyHow to Use the SemicolonSemicolons, Colons, and Dashes Throughout the following two paragraphs, you will find a number of empty paired brackets: [ ]. Replace each set of brackets with a comma or a semicolon, keeping in mind that the primary use of a semicolon is to separate two main clauses not joined by a coordinating conjunction. When you are done, compare your work with the correctly punctuated versions of the two paragraphs on page two. Exercise: Pasta Pasta[ ] a large family of shaped[ ] dried wheat pastes[ ] is a basic staple in many countries. Its origins are obscure. Rice pastes were known very early in China[ ] pastes made of wheat were used in India and Arabia long before they were introduced into Europe in the 11th or 12th century. According to legend[ ] Marco Polo brought a pasta recipe with him from Asia in 1295. Pasta quickly became a major element in the Italian diet[ ] and its use spread throughout Europe. Pasta is made from durum wheat flour[ ] which makes a strong[ ] elastic dough. Hard durum wheat has the highest wheat protein value. The flour is mixed with water[ ] kneaded to form a thick paste[ ] and then forced through perforated plates or dies that shape it into one of more than 100 different forms. The macaroni die is a hollow tube with a steel pin in its center[ ] the spaghetti die lacks the steel pin and produces a solid cylinder of paste. Ribbon pasta is made by forcing the paste through thin slits in a die[ ] shells and other curved shapes are produced with more intricate dies. The shaped dough is dried carefully to reduce the moisture content to about 12 percent[ ] and properly dried pasta should remain edible almost indefinitely. Pastas can be colored with spinach or beet juice. The addition of egg produces a richer[ ] yellower pasta that is usually made in noodle form and is often sold undried. When you are done, compare your work with the correctly punctuated versions of the two paragraphs on page two. Here are the two paragraphs that served as the model for the punctuation exercise on page one. Original Paragraphs: Pasta Pasta, a large family of shaped, dried wheat pastes, is a basic staple in many countries. Its origins are obscure. Rice pastes were known very early in China; pastes made of wheat were used in India and Arabia long before they were introduced into Europe in the 11th or 12th century. According to legend, Marco Polo brought a pasta recipe with him from Asia in 1295. Pasta quickly became a major element in the Italian diet, and its use spread throughout Europe. Pasta is made from durum wheat flour, which makes a strong, elastic dough. Hard durum wheat has the highest wheat protein value. The flour is mixed with water, kneaded to form a thick paste, and then forced through perforated plates or dies that shape it into one of more than 100 different forms. The macaroni die is a hollow tube with a steel pin in its center; the spaghetti die lacks the steel pin and produces a solid cylinder of paste. Ribbon pasta is made by forcing the paste through thin slits in a die; shells and other curved shapes are produced with more intricate dies. The shaped dough is dried carefully to reduce the moisture content to about 12 percent, and properly dried pasta should remain edible almost indefinitely. Pastas can be colored with spinach or beet juice. The addition of egg produces a richer, yellower pasta that is usually made in noodle form and is often sold undried.

Export Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Export Marketing - Essay Example Export marketing is the marketing activities involved in an export that helps in taking the opportunities of doing business in foreign countries while at the same time it sustains the production in the home country. Export marketing is very much important in today's competitive world, as it is only through exporting or marketing to the outside world, the small companies can turn into large companies and large ones into multinational operations. It allows a business to grow further beyond its geographical limits and helps in understanding economy of foreign countries. It also provides scope for improving the quality of goods or services as per the requirements in the foreign market. However, before pursuing export marketing, one should perform extensive export marketing research so that it can understand the demand of its goods and services among the foreign consumers. It also helps in understanding the capability of its products to sustain in the export market. Nowadays, in most of the countries worldwide, governments are encouraging their domestic companies to go global to expand their business extents and fulfil the requirements of overseas customers along with its domestic ones. This involves offering various export marketing research schemes to understand the foreign markets. ... The primary purpose of EMRS is to provide the necessary export marketing research to the UK companies before the companies are ready with their strategies to enter into the overseas market. This export marketing research basically involves gaining knowledge and information about the following topics regarding the foreign markets: The size of the market and its segmentation Regulations and legislation in the foreign market Needs, attitudes and usage of the customers Available distribution network The market trends followed Activities of the competitors along with their strategies and performances How to Enter into an Export Market It is a very important decision for any domestic company to enter into the export market. However, the success of this step of the companies depends on many factors. For the success in export marketing, a company needs an effective way to market and distribute its goods and services in the export market. There are multiple options available, which include direct exporting by the domestic company, using third-parties as intermediaries for exporting the goods and services and collaborating with companies that are already marketing in the export market. It is generally seen that the new ventures targeting for export marketing prefers direct export process. The main concern behind this behaviour of the companies is mainly due to their intention to save money or avoid sharing of any profit with other company or third-party services. The companies going for direct exporting should understand that they can be successful in the foreign market only when they are ready to use their resources t o perform the following basic tasks: Choosing the foreign

Special Interests Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Special Interests - Essay Example They work to elect politicians who can understand their cause and have sympathy for them. Also the role is to involve people who can conduct secret and at times, open propaganda campaigns. There are a number of interest groups prevalent within any society. These comprise of the economic associations which can include trade unions, chambers of commerce and industries and some religious bodies. Then there are the professional associations which have within their fore architects, doctors, lawyers and certain other professionals (Tilt, 1994). The third type of interest group is made up of public interest groups where the inclusion is of friends of environment with a single aim towards benefiting people beyond their mere memberships. The fourth is a special interest group which is essentially a subgroup that is formed within the framework of a bigger group and that emphasizes upon a narrow interest scope. Interest groups try their best to defend a status quo and to maintain it over a peri od of time. It is for this reason that interest groups are hailed differently from the pressure groups. These interest groups have a properly defined intention behind their formation and this is the reason why they are openly advocated for by their proponents and supporters. These individuals feel that these interest groups represent what they would like to suggest to all and sundry, as well as depict the truest picture for their own sake as far as the societal manifestations are concerned. Interest groups are always seen with an eye of skepticism because they have their own intentions to look after. Moreover, the manner under which they exist raise quite a few opinions on the part of the people. Some of the examples related with these interest groups are the National Rifle Association (NRA), People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) and many more. These interest groups rely on the people within the society to make up their vital opinion and hence come forward. As a case in point, NRA has an interest within the opposition of anything that is anti-arm and is thus a complete defender of the Second Amendment’s rights (Kleiner, 2002). On the other hand, PETA empathizes with the animals and solicits the response of the people within a community to come up with ethical solutions so that moral grounds could be founded for the animals in order for their survival domains (Pizam, 2008). Hence the role of these interest groups is of immense significance within this day and age as they mold public opinion and look to form a basis for critical issues that plague a society in one way or the other. It would be true on the part of the society to liaise with the interest groups so that the collective endeavors can have a long-lasting impact on the realms of the society and its inmates can heave a sigh of relief from the pressing issues, cropping up every now and then. There are a number of examples with regards to these interest groups but what remains importan t is their effort to set things right within the terrains of a society. If this happens, then interest groups will serve their purpose well. However, if this is not done in an adequate manner, then there are serious concerns with their formation in the first place. 2. Discuss the relationship between interest groups and political parties. The relationship between interest groups and political parties is one of significance.  

Establishing and adjusting the marketing mix

Establishing and adjusting the marketing mix Toyota Australia is the leading car manufacturer in Australia having a market share of 21% beating it competitors. The company has grown and developed from its establishment from Japan in 1937. Toyota Australia marketing mix followed the 4Ps in establishing a brand that is renowned for its quality, innovation and services. They offered a wide range of vehicles which targeted the 30s to 40s age bracket and attempting to break into the gen y market. There price reflected the services and quality of manufacturing the vehicles, and the also offered consumers choice to add features. They mainly promote their brand through television, newspapers and by being a sponsor of reality shows and sporting events. They are internationally recognised and have made their mark in the marketplace Introduction Scope The following is a marketing mix review and recommendations report on the worlds largest car manufacturer Toyota. The report will outline the fundamental elements of Toyotas marketing mix, and also recommendations will be made on how to improve on each marketing mix element of the organisation. Background Toyota Motor Corporation established in 1937, is the biggest car manufacturers in the world, with its factories spanning over various countries. It is one of the worlds most successful and most profitable car manufacturers. Australia has one of the smallest and oldest car industries in the world and has played an important role in the success and development of Toyota over the past 50 years. The first Toyota vehicles where imported to Australia in 1958 by a mining, construction and services company called Thiess, who imported 13 Landcruisers a model of 4WD, which they used for the Snowy Mountains Hydro-electric scheme. They also began to sell the Landcruiser vehicles in 1959. In 1963 an assembling factory in Melbourne called Australian Motor Industries was established and produce the first lot of Toyota corolla and corona cars. They began to be commercially available in 1971 through Thiess Toyota who became commercial leaders in 1979. Then in 1988 the two companies merged to create the Toyota Motor Corporation Australia, which began a global competiveness and established an important export market. In 1994 the Toyota Altona Assembly Plant is opened and the Toyota corolla is the first car to be built in the plant. Vision Toyotas vision is to become the most respected and admired company, in the car industry Mission Their mission is to deliver high quality automotive products and services to their customers, and being actively involved with the community, partners and environment. Methodology Various methods were used to conduct the review of Toyotas marketing mix. One of the methods used was conducting a survey, to find out what the public had in mind when it came to Toyota. These were handed out to random people passing by, and were asked to complete the survey anonymously. They were basic questions that required a bit of thinking from each individual as how they perceive Toyota as a brand. The survey contained a perceptual map which each person was ask to plot where they think a certain car brand fits. The other methods that were used to gather research, was using online resources such as the Toyota website to get a better understanding of the companys direction and the range of products that they offered. The website was very insightful and was clear and easy to navigate, and was very informative. Also the Australian Bureau of Statistics was used to gather information on sales and market share of all the major car companies in comparison to Toyota. This provided factual statistics and information that was very relevant in determining how Toyota fits in to Australias car industry and market. Results Findings Untitled.jpg . Perceptual Map of Car brands comparisons on Reliability vs. Durability The sample result from the survey shows the perceptual map of how consumers compared Toyota and other brand of cars when it came to reliability and durability. The outcome of where Toyota is placed in the map is very high on its reliability and durability. Toyotas market strategy is to sell a top quality product that lasts. This grabs the consumers attention when their looking to buy a car that is reliable and durable. Marketplace Toyota Motor Corporation is the largest vehicle manufacturer in the world. Toyota co-operates with 51 manufacturing companies in 26 nations, and sells its vehicles in over 170 countries under the Toyota, Lexus, Hino and Daihatsu brands. Toyota leads the automotive industry in environmental technologies with their new innovative hybrid technology in their Prius and Hybrid Camry vehicles. They are also looking into the development of Fuel cell technology for future vehicles. Toyota has in recent years dominant the Australian car market, with a market share around 21 percent (Fig.2) and is steadily rising with predictions that it might reach 25 percent by 2012. Toyota Australia has remained the number one brand for selling more vehicles than any other single car brand in the industry for more than 14 years. Toyotas Market Share Toyota has dealerships across Australia that sells their range of vehicles from cars, SUVs, trucks and hybrids. They have established a well know brand that people associated thing such as quality, durability, reliability, innovation, safety, and sustainability. There brand revolves around keeping a high standard to ensure that the customer receive the highest quality product and service which keep them loyal to the brand. Toyotas four core values: Customer first Respect for people International focus Continuous improvement and innovation. Target Audience Toyota covers a wide market sector that caters for families with its range of sedans to other vehicles such as four wheel drives, sports cars, luxury vehicles and small hatchbacks and buses. The age demographic that Toyota mainly targets are early 30s to mid 50 year old consumers. Toyota aims to target all possible sectors and just recently cracked into the large car market with their Toyota Aurion sedan. This was marketed to large families and was proved successful after taking the title of best large car of the year in 2009 by Australian consumers. Toyotas latest marketing attempt was to target the generation y sector with a new small car called Rukus, which Toyota calmed that it will appeal to the young consumers. Its boxy shape and edgy urban styling are anything but boring, so youll never blend in. As described in the Toyota website, claiming that to be different is an important factor when it comes to marketing to the gen y consumers. They are also targeting the environmental conscious consumers, who want to do their part in reducing their impact on the environment by limiting CO2 emissions. Toyota developed an advance hybrid technology which it has implemented in two of its vehicles the Prius and Camry. The hybrid technology combines fuel and electricity to power the engine. Toyota strives to become the leader in innovation of new vehicle technologies. Toyotas Marketing Mix Elements 4 Ps Toyotas marketing mix consists of the 4 Ps which make up the basis of Toyotas overall market strategy. The 4 Ps stand for; Product Price Promotion Place Product A good product can be self marketed when it benefits the consumer demand. When marketing a product, it must differentiate to what a competitor is offering by features, design packaging, services, warranties, safety and environmental impact. Toyota offers a wide range of products that meet the demands of the consumer while being different to the other car brands on the market. There product range is segmented into four areas each meeting the needs of what a consumer is looking for in a vehicle. Toyotas product market contains the following Passenger consisting of small, mid size, and large cars. Aurion, Camry, Corolla, Rukus, Tarago, Yaris. 4WD SUVs Kluger, Landcruiser 200, Prado, Rav4 Commercial Coaster, HiAce, HiLux, Landcruiser 70 Hybrid Camry, Prius Toyota offers with its products after sales services, such as Toyota Service Advantage which includes capped price servicing, specialist technicians, and genuine parts. They also offer financing at a low rate so that consumers are able to have the product sooner. Price The prices set for products plays a major role in its marketability. The pricing of vehicles in Toyota depends on what the consumer wants to include in their vehicle. They set a base price which then increases if a consumer wants to modify or add options such as metallic paint, wheels, body kits or extended service warranty. This gives the consumer more choice and flexibility as to how they want their vehicle to be when they purchase it. The price of vehicles in the range can start from $18,990 to a more premium price of $80,000 or more dependent on the make, model and add options. The pricing of Toyota vehicles are higher in some areas in comparison to its competitors, but its main selling point is that they sell you a top quality product with great service and parts, that is also reliable and has the highest safety standards. Promotion Promotion is way of communicate to consumers and grabbing their attention to make a sale. This usually involves three ways of effective promoting through advertising, public relations, and sales promotion. Toyota uses various methods when it comes to promotion, advertising through television, radio, internet, newspapers, billboards, yellow pages, flyers, brochures and word of mouth. They keep reiterating that they are a car company that provide quality, durability, reliability, innovation, safety, and sustainability. Toyota over the years uses catchy slogans to draw attention to their brand. When a person hears oh what a feeling! they directly associate it to the Toyota brand, and recall the television ad of a person jumping and freezing in mid air. This is the most recognised slogan in advertising which they have used since the 1980s in Australia. Toyota teamed up with a renovation show called The Block in promoting their new model Yaris. This is seen as a smart promotional strategy as they are sponsoring a popular show; in turn this extends Toyotas reach to their audience. They also offer a chance to win a new car which also makes the consumer want the product more by enticing them that they have a chance of winning. Place Distribution or place is a very crucial element of the marketing mix as the main thing that must be addressed is how we reach the consumers. Toyota sells its vehicles through its dealerships across Australia. Sales are mainly made to public consumers on a one on one basis with their selling staff. Toyota has also established distribution channels overseas with more than half the vehicle manufactured in Australia being export to regions such as the Middle East. The availability of Toyota vehicles has become very easy to all consumers in Australia and overseas. The internet has also opened a major channel as consumers are able to inspect, enquiry and purchase a vehicle without leaving their home. SWOT Analysis Strength Weakness Market leader with 21% market share Strong brand image Customer loyalty Car manufacturing leader Quality issues (due to recalls) Production capacity Pricing Opportunities Threats Producing more environmentally friendly vehicles Targeting the younger demographic Product recalls Rising oil prices Production costs Downturn in economy Limitations The report presented many limitations, which interrupt some of the methods such as the collection of data and research. The follow issues where faced while doing the report Information when it can to investigating Toyotas marketing strategies as a whole the information was limited and inaccessible. Interpretations had to be made based upon the limited information that was provided, and observation. Survey Surveys proved to be a challenge as people were not interested or willing to take part in the survey. Analysis as there was lack of marketing information available about Toyota, secondary sources of information had to be used which could prove to be inaccurate Recommendations The recommendations that Toyota may apply to improve their marketing mix can be drawn upon in the follow; Product When it comes to Toyotas product range they are missing key markets that other car brands have successfully achieved, such as introducing a wider range of large cars for large families, also target young consumers who are able to afford a Toyota vehicle they should start with mid 20s then work their way down the age bracket as teens might not find Toyota affordable which puts then off the brand. Toyota should also expand their hybrid technology to the smaller cars which has not been done yet. Price when it comes to affordability Toyota misses the mark, even though it thrives on quality and services the price seems to be inflated and is further inflated when a consumer wants to add a certain feature. I recommend that they offer a bundle or package deal such as free insurance for a year or free fuel to make the purchase seem worth it. Promotion Toyota should start advertising on social networks if it is to target the young age bracket. Also making ads that will appeal to the young generation but without losing all identity of Toyota. Coming up with a new catchy slogan to get the consumers involved. Offering more sales, discounts and offers that benefit the consumer, starting a loyalty program for the customers, keeping them informed. Place Toyota has positioned its self in the number one spot, to continue being a market leader they must improve their distribution channels such as the dealerships which are located in areas of low income earners, and retirees which decreases sales. Conclusion Drawing upon all the research and results, Toyota has built an industry which people associated quality, durability, reliability, innovation, safety, and sustainability. They have established themself as Australias leading car brand with their wide range of vehicles that suit any consumer. There pricing is somewhat high but its a reflection of the quality and service they provide. Toyota has become an internationally recognised brand that thrives on customer satisfaction and loyalty. The further development of becoming a sustainable car manufacturer, appeals to the public as they are showing their commitment in sustaining the global environment. They are yet to develop a successful marketing strategy when it comes to appealing to the younger consumers. Appendix Survey Structure Toyota Australia Survey Age: Gender: For each item identified below, circle the number to the right that best fits your judgment of its quality. Use the scale above to select the quality number. Description/Identification of Survey Item Scale Strongly Agree Neither Strongly Disagree Toyota is a brand that you can trust 1 2 3 4 Toyota is a brand that is reliable 1 2 3 4 Toyota is seen as innovative 1 2 3 4 Toyota products are affordable 1 2 3 4 Toyota cares about the environment (sustainability) 1 2 3 4 The offer a large range of vehicles 1 2 3 4 Easily identified from other brand 1 2 3 4 is appealing, fresh and vibrant 1 2 3 4 fulfils the consumers needs 1 2 3 4 makes you want to own a vehicle 1 2 3 4 offer flexibility and options 1 2 3 4 Toyota is customer focused 1 2 3 4

Policy and Guidance Impacting on Support Services at National Level

Research the policy and guidance impacting on support services at national level and evaluate how this operates at local level The government wants children and young people to have more opportunities to get involved in the design,provision and evaluation of policies and services that affect them or which they use. Minister will be looking to their individual departments and agencies to develop robust but realistic arrangement to make sure this happens.Actively involving children and young people in this way will produce better services. Ultimately that will produce better outcomes for children and young people,as well as stronger communities,as department and agencies across government draw on children and young people s contributions to shape and tailor service to meet real. Rather than presumed needs, The purpose of this guidance is to Introduce the core principles on which this work should be based.Provide departments with some early advice and background and with signposts to ad ditional help,so that departments can develop effective plans and Let departments know the broad timetable for action Government on strategic priorities and the effective implementation of safeguarding policy. We have taken immediate action to start to transform the social work profession. We are clarifying and strengthening the key role of Local Safeguarding Children Boards.And we are establishing a new National Safeguarding Delivery Unit to ensure a co-ordinated approach across Government and to support and challenge Children’s Trusts and local authorities to drive up standards and the quality of practice. This document sets out the Government’s detailed response to Lord Laming’s report and our plan of action to deliver the step change which he has called for. It is an action plan to which I and my colleagues across Government are firmly committed but one which we know we cannot deliver alone.Keeping children and young people safe must be the responsibility, e very single day, of us all. Nothing we can do will bring back the children who have died at the hands of their abusers or relieve the suffering of those children who have been deliberately harmed. But we have to be determined to learn the lessons and to act now to make a lasting difference so that more children will be protected in future. we must move further, faster.